Aortic Dissection Surgery

Aortic dissection surgery, also known as aortic dissection repair, is a surgical procedure to address a tear or separation in the wall of the aorta, the body's main artery. The type of surgery (open vs. endovascular) and the extent of the procedure depend on the location and severity of the dissection.

Types of Aortic Dissection Surgery:

Open Surgery:

This involves a large incision in the chest to access the aorta, allowing the surgeon to remove the damaged tissue and replace it with a synthetic graft. Open surgery is often necessary for Type A dissections, which are more acute and life-threatening.

Endovascular Surgery:

This less invasive approach involves making small incisions in the groin (or chest) to access the aorta, where a graft is inserted through a catheter. It's often used for Type B dissections or chronic dissections.

Open Surgery:

The surgeon will make an incision, potentially requiring stopping the heart's rhythm with a cardiopulmonary bypass machine. The damaged aorta is then replaced with a synthetic graft, which is sewn into place. The aortic valve may also be repaired or replaced if it's damaged.

Endovascular Surgery:

A catheter is inserted into a leg artery (or chest) and advanced to the site of the dissection. A graft is then deployed to seal off the tear and restore blood flow.

Recovery:

Open Surgery: Recovery can take several weeks, and full recovery may take 2-3 months.

Endovascular Surgery: Recovery is generally faster, with a hospital stay of 2-3 days and full recovery in 6-8 weeks.

Important Considerations:

Type A Dissections:

These are considered a medical emergency and usually require immediate surgery.

Type B Dissections:

While not always requiring surgery, they may be treated with medication to control blood pressure and prevent complications. Endovascular repair may also be an option.

Post-operative Care:

Patients will require close monitoring and medication management after surgery.

In summary, aortic dissection surgery is a critical procedure to repair tears in the aorta, with open and endovascular options available depending on the type and location of the dissection. The goal is to restore blood flow, prevent further damage, and improve long-term survival and quality of life.

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