What causes an Aortic Dissection?

Aortic dissection, a potentially life-threatening condition, is primarily caused by a tear in the inner lining (intima) of the aorta, allowing blood to flow into the space between the inner and middle layers (media) of the aortic wall. This weakened area of the aorta can be caused by a variety of factors, including high blood pressure, genetic conditions, and other underlying medical conditions.

Risk factors and contributing causes:

High blood pressure (hypertension):

Poorly controlled high blood pressure is a major risk factor, as it can weaken the aortic wall and increase the likelihood of a tear.

Connective tissue disorders:

Conditions like Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome can cause the aorta to be weaker and more susceptible to dissection.

Aortic aneurysm:

A bulging in the aorta weakens the wall and increases the risk of a dissection.

Atherosclerosis:

The buildup of plaque in the arteries, including the aorta, can weaken the wall and contribute to dissection.

Trauma:

Chest injuries, such as those sustained in car accidents, can cause a tear in the aortic wall.

Congenital abnormalities:

Conditions like a bicuspid aortic valve or coarctation of the aorta can increase the risk of dissection.

Other factors:

Smoking, aging, and certain inflammatory conditions can also contribute to the development of aortic dissection.

In summary, while the exact cause of aortic dissection is sometimes unknown, high blood pressure, weakened aorta walls due to various causes, and trauma are the most common contributing factors.

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