What you need to know about Aortic Dissection Surgery

Aortic dissection surgery is a life-saving procedure that involves repairing a tear in the aorta, typically using synthetic grafts. The type of surgery depends on the dissection's location: emergency open surgery for a Type A dissection (involving the ascending aorta or aortic arch) and often endovascular repair for Type B (in the descending aorta). Recovery involves a hospital stay in the ICU, followed by a period at home with restrictions on driving and physical activity, and a gradual return to normal activity over several months.

Types of surgery

Open surgery: An incision is made in the chest to access the aorta. A heart-lung bypass machine may be used to circulate blood while the surgeon repairs the damaged section with a synthetic graft.

Bentall procedure: A specific type of open surgery that replaces the aortic root and aortic valve if they are damaged.

Valve-sparing root replacement (David procedure): An alternative that replaces the aortic root but preserves the existing aortic valve if it is healthy.

Endovascular surgery: A less invasive option for some Type B dissections, where a stent graft is inserted through a blood vessel in the groin to cover the tear and redirect blood flow.

What to expect during and after surgery

Anesthesia: You will be under general anesthesia, meaning you will be asleep during the procedure.

Hospital stay: You will likely spend about a week in the hospital, including time in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Medications: You may be given medication for pain and nausea.

Recovery at home: The initial recovery period at home is often around one month, but you will need assistance and will not be able to drive or perform strenuous activities immediately.

Long-term recovery: It can take three to four months to feel normal again, and it is important to follow your doctor's instructions for activity levels and medication.

Before surgery

Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking.

Follow any fasting instructions your doctor gives you.

Complete any tests your doctor recommends.

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